1. Do all males have estrogens?
Yes. Although they are present in amounts far less than in women, they are present and are needed for hormonal balance and the function of other glands.
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2. What are estrogen receptors?
Estrogen receptors are
proteins, located on cells from certain tissues, that bind with estrogen. One risk factor for
breast cancer is the presence of excess estrogen. This excess exposure to estrogen seems to stimulate cancer cell growth, especially if the tumor contains estrogen receptors. Drugs that block the effect of estrogen may slow the rate of growth of such cancers.
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3. What are phytoestrogens and environmental estrogens?
Phytoestrogens are estrogen-like compounds from plant sources. The two main classes are isoflavones, found in soy products, and lignans, found in whole grains and some fruits and vegetables. It has been proposed that these products could be used as an alternative to hormone replacement therapy (HRT). Initial studies have shown the relief of some
menopausal symptoms, such as hot flashes, but there is more research yet to be done.
Environmental estrogens are chemicals, either natural (such as plant sources) or man-made (such as the insecticide DDT), that mimic the effect of estrogen and may cause disorders such as
infertility, overgrowth of the endometrial lining, premature breast development, and feminization in young males. They tend to stay in the body for long periods of time and are being studied for their long-term effects.
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4. Where can I find more information on estrogen?
Your doctor may have educational information about estrogen. There is also a great deal of information on the internet. Some of the best and newest information is provided by government sources and various national organizations. (See the
Links page for a start.)
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