Tau/Aß42
Article Sources
NOTE: This article is based on research that utilizes the sources cited here as well as the collective experience of the Lab Tests Online Editorial Review Board. This article is periodically reviewed by the Editorial Board and may be updated as a result of the review. Any new sources cited will be added to the list and distinguished from the original sources used.
(Updated 2008 December 15) Alzheimer's Disease. CDC Features [On-line information]. Available online at http://www.cdc.gov/Features/Alzheimers/ through http://www.cdc.gov. Accessed February 2009.
(Updated 2009 February 5) Understanding Stages and Symptoms of Alzheimer's Disease. National Institute on Aging [On-line information]. Available online at http://www.nia.nih.gov/NR/exeres/6739F4B3-C1A9-4564-8AC3-77DC1315974E.htm through http://www.nia.nih.gov. Accessed February 2009.
Welsh-Bohmer, K. and White, C. (Current 2009 February 17) Alzheimer disease: What changes in the brain cause dementia? American Academy of Neurology 2009;72:e21 [On-line information]. Available online at http://www.neurology.org/cgi/content/full/72/4/e21?maxtoshow=&HITS=20&hits=20&RESULTFORMAT=&searchid=1&FIRSTINDEX=0&displaysectionid=Patient+Pages&resourcetype=HWCIT through http://www.neurology.org. Accessed February 2009.
Rodgers, A. (Updated 2008 November 28) Alzheimer's Disease: Unraveling the Mystery. National Institute on Aging, ADEAR [On-line information]. Available online at http://www.nia.nih.gov/Alzheimers/Publications/Unraveling/ through http://www.nia.nih.gov. Accessed February 2009.
Portelius, E. et. al. (2008 June 20) Targeted Proteomics in Alzheimer's Disease: Focus on Amyloid-Beta. Medscape.com from Expert Rev Proteomics 2008;5(2):225-237 [On-line information]. Available online at http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/575519 through http://www.medscape.com. Accessed February 2009.
Yaari, R. and Corey-Bloom, J. (2007 March 07). Alzheimer's Disease. Medscape.com from Seminars in Neurology Semin Neurol 2007;27(1):32-41 [On-line information]. Available online at http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/553256 through http://www.medscape.com. Accessed February 2009.
Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine. 16th ed. Kasper D, Braunwald E, Fauci A, Hauser S, Longo D, Jameson JL, eds. McGraw-Hill, 2005, P. 2399.
Tapiola T, Alafuzoff I, Sanna-Kaisa, et. Al: Cerebrospinal fluid B-amyloid 42 and tau proteins as biomarkers of Alzheimer-type pathologic changes in the brain. Arch Neurol 66(3):382-389, 2009.
Snider BJ, Fagan AM, Roe, C, et. Al: Cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers and rate of cognitive decline in very mild dementia of Alzheimer type. Arch Neurol 66(5):638-645, 2009.
Sources Used in Previous Reviews
Thomas, Clayton L., Editor (1997). Taber's Cyclopedic Medical Dictionary. F.A. Davis Company, Philadelphia, PA [18th Edition].
Pagana, Kathleen D. & Pagana, Timothy J. (2001). Mosby's Diagnostic and Laboratory Test Reference 5th Edition: Mosby, Inc., Saint Louis, MO.
Sloane, P. (1998, November 1). Advances in the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease. American Family Physician by the American Academy of Family Physicians [On-line journal]. Available online at http://www.aafp.org/afp/981101ap/sloane.html through http://www.aafp.org.
Eastman, P. (2002 March). Keeping Alzheimer's at Bay, Early Diagnosis Keeps Patients Functioning Longer. AARP Bulletin Online [On-line serial]. Available online at http://www.aarp.org/bulletin/departments/2002/health/0310_health_1.html through http://www.aarp.org.
McConnell, S. , et. al. Unraveling the Mysteries of Alzheimer's Disease: Exciting New Developments in Research. From panel sponsored by the Alzheimer's Association [On-line information]. Available online at http://www.asaging.org/am/cia2/alzheimer.html through http://www.asaging.org.
Galasko, D., et. al. (1998). High Cerebrospinal Fluid Tau and Low Amyloid b42 Levels in the Clinical Diagnosis of Alzheimer Disease and Relation to Apolipoprotein E Genotype. Arch Neurol [On-line journal], vol (55) pages (937-945). Available online at http://archneur.ama-assn.org/issues/v55n7/abs/noc7433.html through http://archneur.ama-assn.org.
ARF (1996-2002). Standard Medical Workup for Alzheimer's Disease. Alzheimer Research Forum [On-line information]. Available online at http://www.alzforum.org/members/research/treatment_guide/workup.html through http://www.alzforum.org.
Family Caregiver Alliance. Fact Sheet: Alzheimer's Disease [On-line information]. Available online at http://www.caregiver.org/factsheets/diagnoses/alzheimersC.html through http://www.caregiver.org.
Bird, T. (2001 June 22 last update). Alzheimer Overview. GeneReviews [On-line information]. Available online through http://www.genetests.org.
Gottlieb, F. and Lambert, J. G. (2002, January 2, last update). Alzheimer's Disease. MEDLINEplus [On-line information]. Available online at "http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000760.htm" target="_blank">http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000760.htm.
Miller, M. (1998 February 18). 26 national Alzheimer's Disease Centers Collaborate on Study of the Utility of Genetic Testing for Alzheimer's. National Institutes of Health News Release [On-line press release]. Available online at http://www.nia.nih.gov/news/pr/1998/02%2D18.htm through http://www.nia.nih.gov.
NIH (2000). Progress report on Alzheimer's disease, taking the next steps. NIH Publication No. 00-4859 [On-line report]. Available online at http://www.alzheimers.org/pubs/prog00.htm#Introduction through http://www.alzheimers.org.
UniSci (2002, April 08). New Approaches Seen For Early Alzheimer's Diagnosis. Daily University Science News [On-line Article]. Available online at http://unisci.com/stories/20022/0408025.htm through http://unisci.com.
Eldercare (2002 February 28, last update). Is it Alzheimer's ... or Just Forgetfulness? Sponsored by Nebraska's Area Agencies on Aging [On-line information]. Available online at http://nncf.unl.edu/eldercare/info/lifeline/LLforget.html through http://nncf.unl.edu.
Diagnostic Education, Neurological Disorders, Alzheimer's Disease. Athena Diagnostics [On-line information]. Available online at http://www.athenadiagnostics.com/site/content/neuro_alzheim_dis.asp through http://www.athenadiagnostics.com.
NeuroCast. Neuropathology of Alzheimer's Disease. Athena Diagnostics [On-line information]. Available online at http://www.neurocast.com/site/content/sessions_Neuro_Alzheimer's.shtml through http://www.neurocast.com.
NeuroCast. Biochemistry of Alzheimer's Disease. Athena Diagnostics [On-line information]. Available online at http://www.neurocast.com/site/content/sessions_Biochemistry_Alzheimer's.shtml through http://www.neurocast.com.
Hain, T. (2000 February 13). Alzheimer's Disease. Neurology, Northwestern University Medical School. Available online at http://www.neuro.nwu.edu/meded/behavioral/alzheimers.html through http://www.neuro.nwu.edu.
Kleiner-Fisman, G., Updated by (2002 January 2, last update). CSF Collection. MEDLINEplus [On-line information]. Available online at http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003428.htm.
Lawrence Mayer, MD, PhD. Professor, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.
American Academy of Neurology guidelines on dementia: PDF available for download at http://www.aan.com/professionals/practice/pdfs/dementia_guideline.pdf through http://www.aan.com.
Sunderland, T et al. Decreased beta-amyloid1-42 and increased tau levels in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with Alzheimer disease. JAMA. 2003 Apr 23-30;289(16):2094-103. Available online at http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?CMD=Display&DB=pubmed through http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.
Andreasen, Niels. Biochemical markers and diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease. Alzheimer Insights Online, Vol. 7, No. 3. Available online at http://www.alzheimer-insights.com/insights/vol7no3/vol7no3b.htm through http://www.alzheimer-insights.com.
Alzheimer's Research at Mayo Clinic. 11/11/2003. Available online at http://mayoresearch.mayo.edu/mayo/research/Featured_Stories/alzheimers_disease/ through http://mayoresearch.mayo.edu.
