Also Known As
Paracetamol
[Often referred to by brand name (see MedlinePlus Drug Information)]
Formal Name
Acetaminophen
This article was last reviewed on
This article waslast modified on December 4, 2017.
At a Glance
Why Get Tested?

To determine if an overdose has occurred; to determine risk of liver damage and to help determine if treatment with an antidote is required

When To Get Tested?

When it is suspected that a person has ingested an overdose of acetaminophen or has signs and symptoms of toxicity, such as nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain; when following a patient, every 4 to 6 hours after an overdose of the drug is ingested

Sample Required?

A blood sample drawn from a vein in the arm

Test Preparation Needed?

None

You may be able to find your test results on your laboratory's website or patient portal. However, you are currently at Lab Tests Online. You may have been directed here by your lab's website in order to provide you with background information about the test(s) you had performed. You will need to return to your lab's website or portal, or contact your healthcare practitioner in order to obtain your test results.

Lab Tests Online is an award-winning patient education website offering information on laboratory tests. The content on the site, which has been reviewed by laboratory scientists and other medical professionals, provides general explanations of what results might mean for each test listed on the site, such as what a high or low value might suggest to your healthcare practitioner about your health or medical condition.

The reference ranges for your tests can be found on your laboratory report. They are typically found to the right of your results.

If you do not have your lab report, consult your healthcare provider or the laboratory that performed the test(s) to obtain the reference range.

Laboratory test results are not meaningful by themselves. Their meaning comes from comparison to reference ranges. Reference ranges are the values expected for a healthy person. They are sometimes called "normal" values. By comparing your test results with reference values, you and your healthcare provider can see if any of your test results fall outside the range of expected values. Values that are outside expected ranges can provide clues to help identify possible conditions or diseases.

While accuracy of laboratory testing has significantly evolved over the past few decades, some lab-to-lab variability can occur due to differences in testing equipment, chemical reagents, and techniques. This is a reason why so few reference ranges are provided on this site. It is important to know that you must use the range supplied by the laboratory that performed your test to evaluate whether your results are "within normal limits."

For more information, please read the article Reference Ranges and What They Mean.

What is being tested?

Acetaminophen is one of the most common pain relievers (analgesics) and fever reducers (antipyretics) available over the counter. It is generally regarded as safe. However, it is also the most common cause of toxic hepatitis in North America and Europe and one of the most common poisonings from either accidental or intentional overdose.

Acetaminophen is primarily processed (metabolized) by the liver. In therapeutic doses, the liver is able to process the drug safely without any harmful effects. When a large dose is ingested and/or when doses exceed the recommended amount over a period of time, however, the liver may be overwhelmed and may not process the excessive amount of drug. As a result, a toxic intermediate form of the drug can build up in the liver and cause damage to liver cells. If treatment is not given soon enough, liver failure may result.

For this reason, acetaminophen can be harmful or even fatal if not taken correctly and children in particular are at risk if caregivers do not follow dosing instructions carefully. Often, people do not realize that acetaminophen is one of the ingredients in many combination medications such as cold and flu preparations. If two or more of these medications are taken together, levels of acetaminophen may exceed safe limits.

Acetaminophen preparations come in varying strengths and several different forms, including tablets, capsules and liquid.

  • For adults, the typical maximum daily limit for acetaminophen is 4000 milligrams (mg). Consuming more than 4000 mg in a 24-hour period is considered an overdose, while ingesting more than 7000 mg can lead to a severe overdose reaction unless treated promptly.
  • For children, the amount that is considered an overdose depends on their age and body weight. (For more on this, see the MayoClinic webpage Acetaminophen and children: Why dose matters.)

If it is known or suspected that someone has ingested an overdose of acetaminophen, it is recommended to take the person to the emergency room. If a health practitioner determines that an overdose has occurred, treatment may include an antidote, N-acetylcysteine (NAC), which can help minimize damage to the liver, especially if given within 8 to 12 hours after an overdose. Though NAC is ideally administered within this timeframe, people who seek treatment more than 12 hours after ingestion may still be given the antidote.

Until recently, NAC for people who visit healthcare providers later than 24 hours after acetaminophen ingestion was not the standard of care for acetaminophen overdose management in the United States. However, study data from England suggest that NAC may be beneficial for acetaminophen-induced liver failure more than 24 hours after ingestion.

How is the sample collected for testing?

A blood sample is obtained by inserting a needle into a vein in the arm.

Is any test preparation needed to ensure the quality of the sample?

No test preparation is needed.

See More
See Less
Common Questions
  • How is it used?

    The test for acetaminophen is used to measure the level of drug in the blood in order to establish a diagnosis of overdosage, to assess the risk of liver damage, and to help decide on the need for treatment. Prompt diagnosis and treatment are important for a positive outcome.

    Since high levels of acetaminophen can be toxic to the liver, health practitioners may also order tests such as AST and ALT to detect liver damage. A PT may be used to detect impaired liver function. A health practitioner might also order serum salicylate levels or a urine drug screen for unconscious patients or those for whom there is a suspicion of ingestion of other substances. Other possible tests include blood gases, lactate level, and metabolic panel with creatinine. These are used to monitor severity of liver failure and, in cases of severe overdose, determine whether an overdose patient would benefit from liver transplantation.

    Women of childbearing age who have suspected acetaminophen overdose may get human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) tests to determine if they are pregnant because the drug crosses the placenta and can harm the fetus.

  • When is it ordered?

    Health practitioners may order acetaminophen levels beginning at 4 hours after ingestion or possible ingestion and then every 4 to 6 hours to monitor whether the drug level is increasing or decreasing. Samples collected too soon after ingestion may not accurately reflect the amount absorbed from the stomach into the blood.

    Testing may be ordered when a person has signs and symptoms of an overdose. These can appear as early as 2 to 3 hours after ingestion or may not occur for 12 or more hours. Some of these include:

    • Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea
    • Loss of appetite
    • Abdominal pain or cramping
    • Irritability
    • Sweating

    If untreated, toxicity can progress within 3 to 4 days to include jaundice, liver and kidney failure, convulsions, coma and death. If treatment is received within 8 hours of the overdose, however, there is a very good chance of recovery.

    For children who have taken acetaminophen in liquid form, a treatment decision may be made as soon as 2 hours after ingestion since the drug is absorbed more rapidly in this form.

  • What does the test result mean?

    The table below summarizes some results that may be seen:

    Acetaminophen Level Result Interpretation
    10-20 mcg/mL Therapeutic levels
    Less than 150 mcg/mL 4 hours after ingestion Low risk of liver damage
    Greater than 200 mcg/mL 4 hours after ingestion

    Or

    Greater than 50 mcg/mL 12 hours after ingestion

    		 Associated with toxicity and liver damage

    The levels discussed above typically apply to a single ingestion of a toxic amount of the drug. They do not necessarily apply to cases in which the recommended amount of acetaminophen has been exceeded over a period of time (chronic overdose ingestion). However, a health practitioner may take acetaminophen levels into account along with clinical signs and symptoms and liver tests to determine the risk and/or presence of liver damage in chronic overdose cases.

  • Is there anything else I should know?

    Be aware that many prescription and nonprescription medications contain acetaminophen in combination with other medications. Do not take more than one medication that contains acetaminophen at a time.

    If you drink three or more alcoholic beverages each day, ask your healthcare provider if you should take acetaminophen. If you will be taking more than the occasional 1 or 2 doses of acetaminophen, do not drink alcohol as this may increase the chance of liver damage.

  • Is acetaminophen dangerous if used appropriately?
    Acetaminophen is one of the safest, most effective drugs known if used at the recommended dose and dose interval.
  • How is an acetaminophen overdose treated?

    Anyone who is showing signs of acetaminophen poisoning should be taken to the emergency room. If it is established that an overdose occurred, the person may be given an antidote (N-acetylcysteine or NAC), which is most effective if given within the first 8-12 hours following ingestion. The person may also receive other medicines to help treat symptoms.

    If it is suspected that some of the drug is still in the stomach (usually within 4 hours after ingestion), the person may be given activated charcoal, which absorbs any residual drug and prevents it from being absorbed into the body. Within about 1 hour of ingestion, someone may receive gastric lavage. It involves pumping liquid, usually water or saline, into the stomach and suctioning the liquid and other stomach contents out through a tube.

    Sometimes extensive liver damage occurs despite treatment with the antidote N-acetylcysteine. If liver failure results after an overdose, a liver transplant may be necessary.

See More Common Questions See Less Common Questions
View Sources

Sources Used in Current Review

U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Press release: FDA recommends health care professionals discontinue prescribing and dispensing prescription combination drug products with more than 325 mg of acetaminophen to protect consumers. Available online at http://www.fda.gov/Drugs/DrugSafety/ucm381644.htm through http://www.fda.gov. Released January 14, 2014. Accessed Aug 4, 2014.

MedlinePlus. National Institutes of Health. Acetaminophen. Available online at http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/meds/a681004.html#brand-names through http://www.nlm.nih.gov. Last reviewed January 1, 2014. Accessed August 3, 2014.

Mayo Clinic. Acetaminophen and children: Why dose matters. Available at http://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-living/childrens-health/in-depth/acetaminophen/art-20046721 through http://www.mayoclinic.org. Last updated April 13, 2014. Accessed August 4, 2014.

Susan E Farrell and Germaine L Defendi. Acetaminophen Toxicity Workup. Medscape. Available online at http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/820200-workup through http://emedicine.medscape.com. Updated June 24, 2014. Accessed August 4, 2014.

Beauchamp G, et.al. Performance of a Multi-disciplinary Emergency Department Observation Protocol for Acetaminophen Overdose. J Med Toxicol. Sep 2013; 9(3): 235–241. Available online at http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3771000/ through http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Accessed September 2014.

(May 7, 2013) Patolia S. Acetaminophen Level. Medscape. Available online at http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/2089664-overview#aw2aab6b2 through http://emedicine.medscape.com. Accessed September 2014.

Sources Used in Previous Reviews

MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia. Acetaminophen overdose. Available online at http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/002598.htm. Accessed August 2010.

MedlinePlus Drug Information. Acetaminopen. Available online at http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/meds/a681004.html. Accessed August 2010.

MayoClinic.com. Acetaminophen. Available online at http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/drug-information/DR601885 through http://www.mayoclinic.com. Accessed August 2010.

ARUP Lab Tests. Acetaminophen. Available online at http://www.aruplab.com/guides/ug/tests/0090001.jsp through http://www.aruplab.com. Accessed August 2010.

Dart, R. et. al. (© 2006). Acetaminophen Poisoning: an Evidence-Based Consensus. Guideline for Out-of-Hospital Management. Clinical Toxicology 44:1-18, 2006 [On-line information]. PDF available for download at http://www.aapcc.org/archive/FinalizedPMGdlns/APAP%20-%20final%20guideline%209.9.05.pdf through http://www.aapcc.org.

Wu, A. (© 2006). Tietz Clinical Guide to Laboratory Tests, 4th Edition: Saunders Elsevier, St. Louis, MO. Pp 1238-1239.

Clarke, W. and Dufour, D. R., Editors (© 2006). Contemporary Practice in Clinical Chemistry: AACC Press, Washington, DC. Pp 470-471.

Tietz Textbook of Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics. Burtis CA, Ashwood ER, Bruns DE, eds. St. Louis: Elsevier Saunders; 2006, Pp 1807, 1304-1305.

Henry's Clinical Diagnosis and Management by Laboratory Methods. 21st ed. McPherson R, Pincus M, eds. Philadelphia, PA: Saunders Elsevier: 2007, P. 316.

Kasper DL, Braunwald E, Fauci AS, Hauser SL, Longo DL, Jameson JL eds, (2005) Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 16th Edition, McGraw Hill, P. 1840-1841.

Wu, A. and McKay, C., Editors (© 2003). Recommendations For The Use Of Laboratory Tests To Support Poisoned Patients Who Present To The Emergency Department. The National Academy of Clinical Biochemistry Laboratory Medicine Practice Guidelines, SECTION IV. Recommendations on Laboratory Assays for Other Toxicants as Causes of Poisonings: A. "Universal" acetaminophen and salicylate screening [On-line information]. Available online at http://www.aacc.org/SiteCollectionDocuments/NACB/LMPG/toxicology/emergency_lmpg.pdf#page=28 through http://www.aacc.org. Accessed August 2010.

Pagana, K. D. & Pagana, T. J. (© 2007). Mosby's Diagnostic and Laboratory Test Reference 8th Edition: Mosby, Inc., Saint Louis, MO. Pp 361-364, 684-685.

(Sept 23 2009) Farrell S. Toxicity, Acetaminophen: Treatment and Medication. Medscape article. Available online at http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/820200-treatment through http://emedicine.medscape.com. Accessed August 2010.

See More
See Less

Ask a Laboratory Scientist

This form enables you to ask specific questions about lab tests. Your questions will be answered by a laboratory scientist as part of a voluntary service provided by one of our partners, American Society for Clinical Laboratory Science.

Disclaimer
Thank you for using the Consumer Information Response Service ("the Service") to inquire about the meaning of your lab test results.  The Service is provided free of charge by the American Society for Clinical Laboratory Science, which is one of many laboratory organizations that supports Lab Tests Online.
Please note that information provided through this free Service is not intended to be medical advice and should not be relied on as such. Although the laboratory provides the largest single source of objective, scientific data on patient status, it is only one part of a complex biological picture of health or disease. As professional clinical laboratory scientists, our goal is to assist you in understanding the purpose of laboratory tests and the general meaning of your laboratory results. It is important that you communicate with your physician so that together you can integrate the pertinent information, such as age, ethnicity, health history, signs and symptoms, laboratory and other procedures (radiology, endoscopy, etc.), to determine your health status. The information provided through this Service is not intended to substitute for such consultations with your physician nor specific medical advice to your health condition.
By submitting your question to this Service, you agree to waive, release, and hold harmless the American Society for Clinical Laboratory Science and its affiliates or their past or present officers, directors, employees, agents, and Service volunteers (collectively referred to as "ASCLS") and the American Association  for Clinical Chemistry and its affiliates or their past or present officers, directors, employees, agents, and Service volunteers (collectively referred to as "AACC") from any legal claims, rights, or causes of action you may have in connection with the responses provided to the questions that you submit to the Service.
AACC, ASCLS and its Service volunteers disclaim any liability arising out of your use of this Service or for any adverse outcome from your use of the information provided by this Service for any reason, including but not limited to any misunderstanding or misinterpretation of the information provided through this Service.
 
See More See Less