BNP and NT-proBNP
- Also Known As:
- Brain Natriuretic Peptide
- proBNP
- Natriuretic Peptides
- Formal Name:
- B-type Natriuretic Peptide
- N-terminal pro b-type Natriuretic Peptide
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At a Glance
Why Get Tested?
To help detect, diagnose, and in some cases evaluate the severity of heart disease, including congestive heart failure (CHF)
When To Get Tested?
When you have symptoms such as shortness of breath, fatigue, excessive fluid in your abdomen, and swollen ankles and legs after a heart attack or during treatment for heart disease
Sample Required?
A blood sample drawn from a vein
Test Preparation Needed?
None
What is being tested?
B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) and N-terminal pro b-type natriuretic peptide (NTproBNP) are peptide (small proteins) that are either hormones or part of the peptide that contained the hormone at one time. They are continually produced in small quantities in the heart and released in larger quantities when the heart senses that it needs to work harder. This supports fluid retention and volume expansion in the arteries and veins. Subsequently, the heart muscle is stretched and works hard to pump blood under normal resting condition. Tests for BNP and NT-proBNP measure their levels in the blood in order to detect and evaluate heart failure. The two tests are not interchangeable and should not be used together. Your healthcare practitioner should order one or the other but not both.
It is important to note that heart failure is an incorrect term. The heart still pumps blood, it just has difficulty doing so. If your healthcare practitioners treat you for heart failure, they have several approaches depending upon the severity of the disease.
BNP was initially called brain natriuretic peptide because it was first found in brain tissue (and to distinguish it from a similar protein made in the atria, or upper chambers, of the heart, termed ANP). BNP is actually produced primarily by cells in the left ventricle of the heart. The left ventricle is the heart’s main pumping chamber and is responsible for sending oxygenated blood from the lungs to the remainder of the body. It is associated with blood volume and pressure and with the work that the heart must do in pumping blood throughout the body. Small amounts of a precursor protein, pro-BNP, are continuously produced by the heart. Pro-BNP is then split by the enzyme called corin to release the active hormone BNP and an inactive fragment, NT-proBNP, into the blood.
When the left ventricle of the heart is having difficulty pumping sufficient amounts of blood to the body, the concentrations of BNP and NTproBNP produced can increase markedly. This may occur with many diseases that affect the heart and circulatory system. The increase in circulating BNP or NT-proBNP will reflect this diminished capacity to deliver oxygenated blood to the body.
You may be able to find your test results on your laboratory’s website or patient portal. However, you are currently at Lab Tests Online. You may have been directed here by your lab’s website in order to provide you with background information about the test(s) you had performed. You will need to return to your lab’s website or portal, or contact your healthcare practitioner in order to obtain your test results.
Lab Tests Online is an award-winning patient education website offering information on laboratory tests. The content on the site, which has been reviewed by laboratory scientists and other medical professionals, provides general explanations of what results might mean for each test listed on the site, such as what a high or low value might suggest to your healthcare practitioner about your health or medical condition.
The reference ranges for your tests can be found on your laboratory report. They are typically found to the right of your results.
If you do not have your lab report, consult your healthcare provider or the laboratory that performed the test(s) to obtain the reference range.
Laboratory test results are not meaningful by themselves. Their meaning comes from comparison to reference ranges. Reference ranges are the values expected for a healthy person. They are sometimes called “normal” values. By comparing your test results with reference values, you and your healthcare provider can see if any of your test results fall outside the range of expected values. Values that are outside expected ranges can provide clues to help identify possible conditions or diseases.
While accuracy of laboratory testing has significantly evolved over the past few decades, some lab-to-lab variability can occur due to differences in testing equipment, chemical reagents, and techniques. This is a reason why so few reference ranges are provided on this site. It is important to know that you must use the range supplied by the laboratory that performed your test to evaluate whether your results are “within normal limits.”
For more information, please read the article Reference Ranges and What They Mean.
Common Questions
Health Professionals – LOINC
LOINC Observation Identifiers Names and Codes (LOINC®) is the international standard for identifying health measurements, observations, and documents. It provides a common language to unambiguously identify things you can measure or observe that enables the exchange and aggregation of clinical results for care delivery, outcomes management, and research. Learn More.
Listed in the table below are the LOINC with links to the LOINC detail pages. Please note when you click on the hyperlinked code, you are leaving Lab Tests Online and accessing Loinc.org.
| LOINC | LOINC Display Name |
|---|---|
| 33762-6 | Natriuretic peptide.B prohormone N-Terminal [Mass/Vol] |
| 83107-3 | Natriuretic peptide.B prohormone N-Terminal IA [Mass/Vol] |
| 33763-4 | Natriuretic peptide.B prohormone N-Terminal [Moles/Vol] |
| 83108-1 | Natriuretic peptide.B prohormone N-Terminal IA [Moles/Vol] |
| 42637-9 | Natriuretic peptide B (Bld) [Mass/Vol] |
| 30934-4 | Natriuretic peptide B [Mass/Vol] |
| 47092-2 | Natriuretic peptide B [Moles/Vol] |
View Sources
Sources Used in Current Review
2019 Review completed by James G. Donnelly, PhD, DABCC, FCACB, Chief Scientific Officer and VP of Laboratory Operations, Babson Diagnostics.
(March 2, 2017) Wilson S Colucci, Horng H Chen. Natriuretic peptide measurement in heart failure. Up to Date. Available online at https://www.uptodate.com/contents/natriuretic-peptide-measurement-in-heart-failure. Accessed May 2019.
(December 20, 2017) Horng H Chen, Wilson S Colucci. Natriuretic peptide measurement in non-heart failure settings. Up to Date. Available online at https://www.uptodate.com/contents/natriuretic-peptide-measurement-in-non-heart-failure-settings. Accessed May 2019.
(Jan 10, 2018) Wilson S Colucci. Evaluation of the patient with suspected heart failure. Up to Date. Available online at https://www.uptodate.com/contents/evaluation-of-the-patient-with-suspected-heart-failure. Accessed May 2019.
(May 31, 2017) American Heart Association. Heart Failure. Available online at https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/heart-failure/what-is-heart-failure. Accessed May 2019.
Sources Used in Previous Reviews
Interview with Alan H.B. Wu, PhD. Director, Clinical Chemistry, Hartford Hospital, Hartford, CT.
First Blood Test for Congestive Heart Failure Wins FDA Clearance. Clinical Laboratory Strategies, December 2000, Vol. 5, No. 12, Pg.1.
Thomas, Clayton L., Editor (1997). Taber’s Cyclopedic Medical Dictionary. F.A. Davis Company, Philadelphia, PA [18th Edition].
Pagana, Kathleen D. & Pagana, Timothy J. (2001). Mosby’s Diagnostic and Laboratory Test Reference 5th Edition: Mosby, Inc., Saint Louis, MO.
Tang, W. (2004 February 27). NACB: Recommendations for the use of Cardiac Biomarkers in Heart Failure. NACB: Recommendations for the use of Cardiac Biomarkers in Heart Failure – Chapter 2 [Draft Guidelines]. Available online at http://www.nacb.org/lmpg/biomark/card_biomarkers_chp2.doc.
Bay, M. et. al. (2003). NT-proBNP: a new diagnostic screening tool to differentiate between patients with normal and reduced left ventricular systolic function. Heart ONLINE Heart 2003;89:150-154 [On-line journal]. Available online at http://heart.bmjjournals.com/cgi/content/full/89/2/150.
Diagnostic Products Corporation Acquires Nonexclusive Rights to a Key Cardiac Marker, NT-proBNP, from Roche Diagnostics—Agreement widens access to unique marker for heart failure and allows for better/earlier/improved therapy. (2004 February 11) DPC [On-line press release]. Available online at http://www.dpcweb.com/newsreleases/2004/february/ntprobnp.htm.
Roche Receives FDA Clearance for Elecsys proBNP Assay – First Automated Blood Test to Aid in the Diagnosis of Congestive Heart Failure (2002). Roche Diagnostics [On-line press release]. Available online at http://www.roche-diagnostics.com/press_lounge/press_releases/archive/2002_11_20.html.
Tietz Textbook of Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics. Burtis CA, Ashwood ER, Bruns DE, eds. St. Louis: Elsevier Saunders; 2006 Pp. 1630-1631.
Clarke, W. and Dufour, D. R., Editors (2006). Contemporary Practice in Clinical Chemistry. AACC Press, Washington, DC; Pg. 264.
deFilippi C. Natriuretic Peptides for Diagnosing Heart Failure and Beyond: What We Know in 2007. (May 24, 2007) Medscape Today. Available online at http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/557030. Accessed September 2008.
Maher KO et al. B-type natriuretic peptide in the emergency diagnosis of critical heart disease in children. Pediatrics 2008 Jun; 121:e1484. Available online at http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/cgi/content/full/121/6/e1484?linkType=FULL&journalCode=pediatrics&resid=121/6/e1484. Accessed September 2008.
(Updated 2010 January 1). What is Heart Failure? National Heart Lung and Blood Institute [On-line information]. Available online at http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/hf/. Accessed November 2011.
Lehman, C. et. al. (Revised 2011 March). Heart Failure. ARUP Consult [On-line information]. Available online at http://www.arupconsult.com/Topics/HeartFailure.html?client_ID=LTD. Accessed November 2011.
(© 1995-2011). Test ID: BNP83873 B-Type Natriuretic Peptide (BNP), Plasma. Mayo Clinic Mayo Medical Laboratories [On-line information]. Available online at http://www.mayomedicallaboratories.com/test-catalog/Overview/83873. Accessed November 2011.
(© 1995-2011). Test ID: PBNP84291 NT-Pro B-Type Natriuretic Peptide (BNP), Serum. Mayo Clinic Mayo Medical Laboratories [On-line information]. Available online at http://www.mayomedicallaboratories.com/test-catalog/Overview/84291. Accessed November 2011.
Malcolm, J. and Arnold, O. (Revised 2010 January) Heart Failure (HF) (Congestive Heart Failure). Merck Manual for Healthcare Professionals. [On-line information]. Available online at http://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/cardiovascular_disorders/heart_failure/heart_failure_hf.html?qt=BNP&alt=sh. Accessed November 2011.
Pagana, K. D. & Pagana, T. J. (© 2011). Mosby’s Diagnostic and Laboratory Test Reference 10th Edition: Mosby, Inc., Saint Louis, MO. Pp 690-692.
Reviewer May 2015: Thomas Kampfrath, PhD, DABCC.
Lüers C, Schmidt A, Wachter R, Fritzsche F, Sutcliffe A, Kleta S, Zapf A, Hagenah G, Binder L, Maisch B, Pieske B. Serial NT-proBNP measurements for risk stratification of patients with decompensated heart failure. Herz. 2010 Oct;35(7):488-95.
William Clarke. Contemporary Practice in Clinical Chemistry, 2nd Edition Paperback – February 4, 2011. ISBN-13: 978-1594251023.
Michael L. Bishop, Edward P. Fody, Larry E. Schoeff. Clinical Chemistry: Principles, Techniques, and Correlations, 2013. 7th edition.
Kaplan & Pesce. Clinical Chemistry, 5th Edition. Theory, Analysis, Correlation. 2009.
(March 27, 2014) National Heart, Lung, Blood Institute. Who is at Risk of Heart Failure? Available online at http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/hf/atrisk. Accessed May 2015.
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